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Look at these Solar Energy Systems, then match your requirement


At Any Given Moment, somewhere in the world, solar energy systems are working where the sun is shinning. Sunlight is quietly streaming into these interesting devices. They are extremely efficient at what they do; making hot water and warmth for their owners. The powerful benefits of the sun’s power provide energy to replace electrical power from an over burdened grid.

The solar water heating industry is growing rapidly as energy prices continue to skyrocket. A wide array of Solar Energy Systems are available that use sunlight to make hot water,

The following solar energy systems provide a general idea of solar water heating variations. The following list furnishes a How It Works overview of each variation, including a Pros and Cons summary. Also included are simple diagrams from the solar collectors to hot water storage and everything in between.

  1. Batch System – open-loop, passive, this one heats potable water directly
  2. Thermosyphon System – open-loop, passive, also heats potable water directly
  3. Open-Loop Direct System – open-loop, active, heats potable water directly
  4. Glycol System – closed-loop, active, heats water indirectly via a heat exchanger
  5. Drainback System – closed-loop, avtive, heats water indirectly via heat exchanger
  6. Hybrid System – either open-loop (inactive) or closed-loop, active, heats water with the assistance of solar generated electricity. As with all of the solar energy systems, solar voltaic cells provide energy to operate motors, valves and controllers.

Okay, let’s take a look at the systems and their pros and cons.


Batch System
Batch Solar Collectors are the simplest Solar Energy Systems of all. Often-called breadboxes, these insulated surface glazed boxes face sunward are actually solar collectors. The storage tanks occupy the space inside where solar thermal energy generates hot water.

Additional storage tanks are not necessary, because the tank in the box on the roof is the storage tank. During the day its contents (batch) is heated and ready for use by evening.

They work fine, either on the roof or at ground level. The only requirement is that they need a potable water supply. Other than that, just put em where they works.

Advantages

  • Easy to install
  • External storage tanks not required
  • Solar pump and controls not required
  • Needs little or no maintenance

Disadvantages

  • Subject to freezing
  • Tank profile may be aesthetically unpleasing
  • Roof may require reinforcing to support system weight
Return to List


Thermosyphon System
The Thermosyphon Solar Collector system is similar to Batch systems with two exceptions:

  1. The position of the tank above the collector
  2. The collector is usually a flat plate

The tank is located directly above the collector. Commercial units usually come with the tank attached to the collector. Otherwise, both systems share the same benefits.

Advantages

  • Easy to install
  • External storage tanks not required
  • Solar pump and controls not required
  • Needs little or no maintenance

Disadvantages

  • Subject to freezing
  • Tank profile may be aesthetically unpleasing
  • Roof may require reinforcing to support system weight
Return to List


Open-Loop Direct System
These collector systems are the least complicated of all active systems where the risk of freezing is rare. It is similar to Batch and Thermosyphon systems in that it is easy to install and maintain.

Like other solar energy systems installed for best exposure to the sun, this type utilizes an additional storage tank. It is most often located in the garage or in a utility room. Tank space availability dictates location placement. This is the first of the list of solar energy systems that require storage tanks, or use pumps, sensors and controls.

A pump of some kind circulates potable-water from the tank to the collector and back again. A temperature difference between heated water at the top of collector and the coldest water at the bottom of the storage tank exists. Therefore, a control sensor to control the pump is required.

When the collector water’s temperature is say, eighteen to twenty degrees warmer than water in the tank, the pump turns on. However, when temperature differences are very little, the pump turns off. This guarantees continuously heated water when the pump is running. Installing a simple thermic valve will assure system operation during occasional low temperature spells.

A hybrid variety of the Open Loop Direct system uses solar photovoltaic power to provide direct current (DC) electricity to operate the pump motor. This way, water flows only when the sun is shining. As before, a thermostatic valve can provide freeze protection.

Of course, you can manually drain both styles via an isolation valve located slightly above the storage tank. An air vent, automatic or manual, installed at the high point of the solar thermal collector allows purging of the lines.

Advantages

  • Easy to install
  • Low profile - aesthetically unobtrusive
  • Lightweight _ roof reinforcement not required
  • Needs little or no maintenance

Disadvantages

  • Requires pump and sensors
    • Subject to freezing
    • Heat loss during circulation – though minimal
    • May require electrical backup to prevent freezing in power outages
    Return to List


    Closed-Loop Glycol System
    The Glycol Solar Collector system has two sections. A pump sends Glycol (antifreeze) through a solar collector then down to a coil of pipe (heat exchanger) located in a solar storage tank, where the potable water is heated.

    On the other hand, the potable water never enters the collector. Supply line water flows into the solar storage tank as it would into a regular hot water tank. Meanwhile, a pump circulates the glycol through the heat exchanger back through the solar collector.

    Diagram here Advantages

    • Low profile - aesthetically unobtrusive
    • Lightweight _ roof reinforcement not required
    • Can accommodate freezing temperatures
    • Can use ordinary antifreeze

    Disadvantages

    • Requires second storage tank
    • Requires electrical power
    • Requires pump, sensors and controllers
    • Relatively complicated to install
    • Glycol must be changed from time to time
    • Electrical backup required
    Return to List


    Drainback System
    The Drainback and the Glycol systems are are closed loop though several small differences exist. Both systems solar collector systems can accommodate freezing temperatures.

    However, unlike the Glycol system, the Drainback system requires far less service. Distilled water is stored in a separate ten to twenty gallon reservoir just above the main storage tank. When the pump is running, distilled water circulates through the heat exchanger in the main storage tank then up to the solar collector. The water then drains back into its own storage reservoir.

    Advantages

    • Efficient - dependable
    • Relatively little maintenance required
    • Can accommodate high temperatures
    • Can accommodate freezing temperatures

    Disadvantages

    • Requires second storage tank
    • Requires electrical power
    • Requires more powerful pump, sensors and controllers
    • Relatively complicated to install
    • Glycol must be changed from time to time
    • Electrical backup required
    Return to List


    Hybrid System
    You can create a Hybrid with any of the solar energy systems above, with the possible exception of the Batch System.

    Although, equipping batch systems with temperature sensors, auto-drain and auto-shut-off valves, would prevent freeze-ups.

    A Hybrid system incorporates solar voltaic cells to generate electrical power that pump-motors, valves, and controllers require to operate.

    Advantages

    • Grid power not required
    • Efficient - dependable

    Disadvantages

    • Requires electrical power
    • Electrical backup required for night operation
    • Requires more powerful pump, sensors and controllers
    • Relatively complicated to install
    Return to List


    As you can see, each of the Solar Energy Systems system has unique features needed to perform to its owner’s expectations. Careful consideration for locating and positioning the solar collector to receive available solar thermal energy is most important.

    As with any solar collector system, it starts with sunlight. Therefore selecting the best system is the first step toward energy independence.


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